Mayoral Strategic Authorities · clustering v1 ·

Which Strategic Authorities face similar challenges?

21 Mayoral Strategic Authorities grouped four different ways — overall, and separately on their economy, their population and their economic geography. An MSA can be an economic twin of another while being structurally nothing like it, and that mismatch is more useful for policy than a single blended answer.

Proposed clusters

Select a cluster on the map or in the list. Bars show how far the cluster's average sits from the all-MSA average, in standard deviations.

Most similar and most different

Straight-line distance in the clustering feature space. Pick a neighbour to see which variables pull the two together or push them apart.

Most similar
Most different

Variables used

With only 21 areas, closely correlated variables are grouped and one representative kept from each, so the model is not counting the same signal twice. Every variable in it stays a real named measure, so a cluster can be explained in plain terms. Variables marked pinned are kept regardless of grouping because they are policy-salient; those marked via are still reported in the comparison above, just not counted separately in the distance.

Do the four views agree?

Adjusted Rand Index — 1.00 is identical grouping, 0.00 is no better than chance.

Demography and geography are unrelated

Those two views agree at 0.01 — effectively chance. How a place is shaped tells you almost nothing about who lives there. That is the clearest argument for keeping the views separate rather than collapsing them into one index.

How to read this

  • These are peer groups, not verdicts. With 21 areas, separation is real but modest — treat membership as a well-evidenced starting hypothesis to test against local knowledge.
  • Every variable is traceable. Each is a published measure with a recorded source, vintage and aggregation rule; nothing is a synthetic index or principal component.
  • Rates are rebuilt, not averaged. Where the underlying counts exist, MSA figures are recomputed from summed components so a small district does not carry the same weight as a large one.
  • Within-area structure is measured on small areas. Three MSAs have only two constituent local authorities, so spatial measures are built on 64–357 MSOAs each instead.
  • Vintages differ by variable, from 2021 census-based measures to 2026 indicators. The source table above records which applies where.

Two known gaps, both needing a data fetch rather than a method change: sector composition (the business survey extract has no industry breakdown) and household tenure composition.